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(N/A) Vacuum tube (valve) electronic devicesSemiconductor electronic devices$(1)$ Devices made from vacuum tubes are bulky and stationary.$(1)$ Device

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(N/A) Vacuum tube (valve) electronic devicesSemiconductor electronic devices$(1)$ Devices made from vacuum tubes are bulky and stationary.$(1)$ Devices made from semiconductors are compact and portable.$(2)$ These devices require high operating voltage (about $90 \ V$ to $100 \ V$ or more),making them less power-efficient and more expensive.$(2)$ These devices require low operating voltage (about $1.5 \ V$ to $9.0 \ V$),making them power-efficient and cost-effective.$(3)$ They use fragile glass envelopes,making them prone to damage,resulting in a shorter lifespan and lower reliability.$(3)$ They are solid-state devices,making them robust,durable,and highly reliable with a long lifespan.$(4)$ They require heating of a filament to emit electrons (thermionic emission) and high voltages to control electron flow.$(4)$ They do not require filament heating; charge carriers are available at room temperature,and electron flow is controlled by small voltages.$(5)$ Historically used in television and computer monitors (e.g.,Cathode Ray Tubes).$(5)$ Modern devices use Liquid Crystal Displays $(LCD)$ or Light Emitting Diodes $(LED)$.

Write the differences between vacuum tube (valve) electronic devices and semiconductor electronic devices.

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Vacuum tube (valve) electronic devices	Semiconductor electronic devices
$(1)$ Devices made from vacuum tubes are bulky and stationary.	$(1)$ Devices made from semiconductors are compact and portable.
$(2)$ These devices require high operating voltage (about $90 \ V$ to $100 \ V$ or more),making them less power-efficient and more expensive.	$(2)$ These devices require low operating voltage (about $1.5 \ V$ to $9.0 \ V$),making them power-efficient and cost-effective.
$(3)$ They use fragile glass envelopes,making them prone to damage,resulting in a shorter lifespan and lower reliability.	$(3)$ They are solid-state devices,making them robust,durable,and highly reliable with a long lifespan.
$(4)$ They require heating of a filament to emit electrons (thermionic emission) and high voltages to control electron flow.	$(4)$ They do not require filament heating; charge carriers are available at room temperature,and electron flow is controlled by small voltages.
$(5)$ Historically used in television and computer monitors (e.g.,Cathode Ray Tubes).	$(5)$ Modern devices use Liquid Crystal Displays $(LCD)$ or Light Emitting Diodes $(LED)$.